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What are you doing?

We launch reflective clouds into the stratosphere.

Why?

Unless we reflect sunlight (albedo enhancement), 10s of millions of people will die and 20%+ of species may go extinct. We're using the most effective way to reflect sunlight that we've found and can afford to deploy (<$50k startup cost). 

How do you know this will work?

We release the same particle as volcanoes have for millennia. Most famous example: Mount Pinatubo. This one eruption cooled earth by .6C for a year! Further proof came from changes in maritime emissions.

How long do Make Sunsets' clouds stay in the sky?

2-3 years.

How effective are these clouds?

Shorthand is that "a gram offsets a ton:" one gram of sulfur delivered to 20km altitude creates as much radiative forcing as one ton of CO₂ released in the atmosphere does in a year. There's a lot of uncertainty and assumptions here (including a 3x difference among IPCC scientists on global warming per unit CO₂ ). As we perform more releases, we'll learn a lot more about our efficacy. However, uncertainty isn't an excuse for inaction.

Are these actually clouds?

They are not water vapor, so in a technical sense no. In a "cloud of dust" sense, they are ;)

Is this legal?

Yes. In the United States, our method to cool Earth falls under the Weather Modification Act. As required, we report yearly to NOAA.

Isn't geoengineering wrong?

Any human-caused release of carbon dioxide is geoengineering: the earth is a bit warmer for every breath you take. We think it's wrong to suddenly draw a line at the stratosphere: we screwed up the atmosphere, and now we have a moral obligation to fix things!

Can't we just plant trees and switch to solar?

These are great, but they are far from enough. Even if we magically stopped all carbon emissions right now, we'd still likely hit 2.3C! Given that greenhouse gas emissions increase ~every year, we need to start cooling the world immediately.

I would like you to stop doing this.

And we would like an equitable future with breathable air and no wet bulb events for generations to come. Convince us there's a more feasible way to buy us the time to get there and we'll stop. We'll happily debate anyone on this, just confirm an audience of at least 100 people and we'll find the time to try and convince you 😉

Why has nobody done this yet?

We have. 😉 Several academic attempts were canceled due to well-intentioned but misguided activism and patent disputes.

Wouldn't it be more effective to put giant mirrors in space / make special high-altitude planes / run a tethered tube to the stratosphere?

Maybe! We have no religion about how we produce the cooling we need and want the most cooling per $ we can safely + quickly achieve. Personally, we lack the $B+ startup costs (and substantial political capital) for these other methods. If you or your government are credibly attempting to build one of these, we'd be happy to collaborate

How will you measure the impacts of your efforts?

We fly instrumentation to verify latitude, longitude, and altitude of deployment. If a launch doesn't reach 20km, the Cooling Credits do not count and we redeploy. When we scale to 1M+ Cooling Credits per month, we'll measure and learn more.

How much to stop making warming worse?

We can create sufficient cooling to offset this year's new warming for ~$30M per year: $7M of sulfur + deployment costs.

How much would it cost to offset all man-made global warming?

~$100B per year to drop global temperatures by .5C. This doesn't offset all man-made warming, but it does get global temperatures out of the insane range.

Is the situation really this dire?

No: it's likely much worse. We're very unlikely to stop mining proven petroleum reserves, and even the worst-case IPCC projections of 4C by the year 2100 don't include any massive natural releases of greenhouse gases (tundra methane, etc.). We need to act now to Cool Earth!

What about ozone?

Modeling shows a slight but meaningful depletion in ozone. While we'll closely monitor this, it's important to note that worst-case scenarios for ozone depletion amount to 5-10% on average. This is less than half of what CFCs caused and may be at least partially offset by reduced global warming's positive impact on ozone.

What about acid rain?

How much carbon do you offset?

None: we're only addressing the warming impact of greenhouse gas emissions.

Won't plants grow more slowly?

Preliminary modeling actually shows the opposite: a ~10% net increase.

What are the benefits vs. harms of stratospheric aerosol injection?

Why does it only cost $1 to offset the warming from 1 ton of CO2 for a year?

Because we're aiming for 70% margins;) It costs us ~$0.28 per Cooling Credit successfully deployed. You can see a breakdown of our costs here.

Who have you done this for?

As of April 2026, we have successfully deployed Cooling Credits for over 1,070 individuals. You can see quotes from some of them in our first zine (pdf).

Why aren't you using hydrogen as the lift gas for your balloons?

We used helium at first because we were nervous about Hindenburg 2.0s. Having better educated ourselves, we now use hydrogen for the vast majority of our deployments.

I want to help you / how can I get involved?

We follow Y Combinator's mantra: Make Something People Want. We've made this, and now we need to prove people want it. The most helpful way to get involved is to buy now.

Introductions to companies that want to purchase larger quantities of Cooling Credits and/or countries interested in hosting balloon launch sites would both be very helpful.

What about pollution from the balloon?

Our balloons are latex, not plastic. They biodegrade within 3 years.